个人简介

个人简介

个人概况:

姓名: 邢航

性别: 女
出生年月: 1981 年 11 月 7 日

毕业院校: 北京大学

专业: 物理化学

所获学位: 理学博士

毕业时间: 2008 年 7 月

工作单位: 北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所

教育背景:
本科: 1999 年 -- 2003 年南开大学化学专业
研究生(硕博连读): 2003年--2008年北京大学物理化学专业

联系方式:
电子邮件: xinghang@fluobon.com 联系电话: 010-62561871

科研情况:
目前在北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所担任副所长职务，主要从事科研、管理、应用研究工作。

实用新型专利2项，发明专利4项：

《一种防滴水储物筐》，发明人：邢进，邢航；申请人：邢航（CN210643578U, 2020-06-02）

《一种变向清洁工具》，发明人：邢进，邢航；申请人：邢航（CN210643927U, 2020-06-02）

《基于短碳氟链的水成膜泡沫灭火剂》，发明人：贺元骅，陈现涛，伍毅，肖进新，邢航，贾旭宏，贾井运，孙强（CN105854216A, 2016-08-17）

《一种全氟磺酰氟树脂的制备方法》，发明人：白富栋，肖进新，窦增培，肖子冰，邢航，张通，白毓黎（CN111378064A, 2020-07-07）

《用于制备、储存、使用四氟乙烯的防爆装置及用其制备全氟磺酰氟树脂的方法》，发明人：白富栋，肖进新，窦增培，肖子冰，邢航，张通，白毓黎（CN111379341A, 2020-07-07）

《一种全氟磺酰氟树脂，其制备方法及由其制备的全氟磺酸树脂》，发明人：白富栋，肖进新，窦增培，肖子冰，邢航，张通，白毓黎（CN112745445A, 2021-05-04）

已发表文章如下：

(1) Hang Xing, Shrong-Shi Lin, Peng Yan, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Yong-Ming Chen*. NMR Studies on Selectivity of b-Cyclodextrin to Fluorinated/Hydrogenated Surfactant Mixtures, Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2007, 111, 8089-8095.

(2) Hang Xing, Shrong-Shi Lin, Run-Chao Lu, Jin-Xin Xiao*. NMR investigation on micellization of ammonium/tetraalkylammonium perfluorooctanoates, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2008, 318, 199-205.

(3) Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*. Phase Behavior of the Mixed Systems of a-, b-Cyclodextrin and Cationic-Anionic Surfactants, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2009, 30, 27-32.

(4) Hang Xing, Shrong-Shi Lin, Peng Yan, Jin-Xin Xiao*. Demicellization of a Mixture of Cationic−Anionic Hydrogenated/Fluorinated Surfactants through Selective Inclusion by α- and β-Cyclodextrin, Langmuir, 2008, 24, 10654-10664.

(5) Hang Xing, Shrong-Shi Lin, Jin-Xin Xiao*. A Study of the Behavior of α-Cyclodextrin with Single Solutions of Hydrogenated and Fluorinated Surfactants and Their Mixtures, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010, 55, 1940–1944.

(6) Hang Xing, Peng Yan, Kong-Shuang Zhao, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “Effect of Headgroup Size on the Thermodynamic Properties of Micellization of Dodecyltrialkylammonium Bromides”, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011, 56, 865–873

(7) 邢航, 林崇熙, 肖进新*. b-环糊精与十四烷基硫酸钠和全氟辛酸钠等摩尔混合体系的相互作用, 化学学报, 2008, 66, No. 11, 1382-1384.

(8) 杨百勤, 陈凯, 邢航, 肖进新*. 以全氟丁基为基础的具有高表面活性的氟表面活性剂, 物理化学学报, 2009, 25(12): 2409-2412.

(9) 周洪涛, 潘多强, 邢航, 吴剑, 肖进新*. 全氟辛酸、全氟辛基磺酸乙醇胺盐表面活性剂的性质研究, 化学研究与应用, 2010, 22(1):59-66.

(10)周洪涛, 邢航, 余海谦, 吴剑, 肖进新*. 全氟丁基磺酸钠与辛基三乙基溴化铵的相互作用, 应用化学, 2010, 27 (5): 572-578.

(11)Chen Wang, Peng Yan, Hang Xing, Chen Jin, Jin-Xin Xiao*. Thermodynamics of Aggregation of Ammonium/Tetraalkylammonium Perfluorooctanoates: Effect of Counterions, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2010, 55, 1994–1999.

(12)Guo-Li Li, Yan-An Gao, Xin-Wei Li, Jie Liu, Li-Qiang Zheng*, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*. Aggregation behavior of N-alkyl perfluorooctanesulfonamides in dimethyl sulfoxide solution, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 342 (2010) 372–381.

(13)杨百勤, 陈凯, 邢航, 聂燕, 何燕, 肖进新*. N-(3-二甲氨基)丙基全氟烷基磺酰胺盐酸盐的表面活性, 日用化学工业, 2010, 40(4): 242-245.

(14)周洪涛, 邢航, 勾志明, 肖进新*. 四氟乙烯五聚体氧基苯磺酸钠与辛基三乙基溴化铵的相互作用, 精细化工, 2010, 27(9): 849-853.

(15)周洪涛, 邢航, 勾志明, 余海谦, 肖进新*, 全氟辛酸三烷基铵的表面活性、润湿及泡沫性能, 日用化学工业, 2010, 40(5): 320-325.

(16)周洪涛, 高岸涛, 邢航, 勾志明, 肖进新*, 加盐导致的全氟辛酸盐表面活性的反常行为, 化学学报, 2011, 69 (9):1035-1040.

(17)周洪涛, 邢航, 暴艳霞, 余海谦, 肖进新*, 全氟辛酸钠-辛基三乙基溴化铵混合水溶液在油面上的铺展研究, 安全与环境学报, 2011, 11(2): 200-205.

(18)Hang Xing, Hong-Tao Zhou, Hai-Qian Yu, Zhi-Ming Gou, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Participation of the Inclusion Complexes in the Surface Adsorbed Layer in the Mixtures of a-Cyclodextrin and Cationic-Anionic Hydrogenated and Fluorinated Surfactants: A Surface Tension Proof, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011, 56, 1423–1432.

(19)Zeng-Pei Dou, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Hydrogenated and Fluorinated Host-Guest Surfactants: Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Alkanes and Fluoroalkyl-Grafted Alkanes, Chemistry – A European Journal, 2011, 17(19), 5373-5380.

(20)Li Chen, Hang Xing, Peng Yan, Ji-Ming Ma and Jin-Xin Xiao*, Anomalous effects of concentrated salts on the equimolarly mixed cationic-anionic surfactant mixtures, Soft Matter, 2011, 7, 5365–5372.

(21)陈蔚勤, 邢航*, 肖进新, AFFF操作条件对灭火效果的影响, 消防科学与技术, 2011, (S2): 114-115.

(22)杨百勤, 樊强, 邢航, 杨健, 肖进新*, 聚醚改性有机硅表面活性剂的合成及产物性状的影响因素研究, 日用化学工业, 2012, 42 (3): 180-184.

(23)杨百勤, 路国超, 邢航, 杨健, 肖进新*, N-[γ-(二烷基氨基）烷基]全氟辛基磺酰胺类阳离子氟表面活性剂的合成及性质, 精细化工, 2012, 29(6): 554-559.

(24)杨百勤, 路国超, 邢航, 周洪涛, 高岸涛, 肖进新*, 全氟壬烯氧基苯磺酸钠与烷基季铵盐的相互作用, 高等学校化学学报, 2012, 33(12): 2765-2770.

(25)杨百勤, 王青, 樊强, 邢航, 周洪涛, 高岸涛, 肖进新*, 烯丙基聚醚改性四硅氧烷表面活性剂的表面活性和润湿性能, 日用化学工业, 2013, 43(1): pp 26~29, p42.

(26)Hong-Tao Zhou, Shrong-Shi Lin, Hang Xing, An-Tao Gao, Jin-Xin Xiao*, The role of NaSCN on the equimolar cationic-anionic surfactant mixtures: Evidence from NMR, surface tension and dynamic light scattering, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2013, 416, 16–22.

(27)Hang Xing, Peng Yan, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Unusual location of the pyrene probe solubilized in the micellar solutions of tetraalkylammonium perfluorooctanoates, Soft Matter, 2013, 9, 1164–1171.

(28)An-Tao Gao, Hang Xing, Hong-Tao Zhou, An-Qing Cao, Bo-Wan Wu, Hai-Qian Yu, Zhi-Ming Gou, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Effects of counterion structure on the surface activities of anionic fluorinated surfactants whose counterions are organic ammonium ions, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2014, 459, 31-38.

(29)肖子寒, 邢航, 肖进新*, 具有较高表面活性的木质素磺酸盐的制备, 日用化学工业, 2015, 45(10): 550-556.

(30)肖子冰, 邢航, 肖进新*, 一种阳离子型氟表面活性剂的合成及性能研究, 日用化学工业, 2015, 45(11): 611-615.

(31)肖进新*, 邢航, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(I)——性能、合成(生产)及应用概述，日用化学工业，2016，46(1): 13-20

(32)邢航, 陈现涛, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(II)——环境与安全问题，日用化学工业, 2016, 46(2): 66-74

(33)邢航, 伍毅, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(III)——PFOS问题之我见，日用化学工业, 2016, 46(3): 123-128

(34)邢航, 贾旭宏, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(IV) ——PFOS问题的应对策略，日用化学工业，2016，46(4): 189-194

(35)贾旭宏，魏建龙，邢航，肖进新*，基于全氟丁基的氟表面活性剂的油水界面张力，精细化工，2016,33（7）：772-778,840

(36)邢航, 陈现涛, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅴ)——PFOS的短碳氟链替代品. 日用化学工业 2016, 46(5), 247-250+263

(37)邢航, 陈现涛, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅵ)——“弱位点”氟表面活性剂的合成. 日用化学工业, 2016, 46(6), 309-313+343

(38)邢航, 周洪涛, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅶ)——含氟织物整理剂概述. 日用化学工业 2016, 46(7), 371-376+408

(39)邢航, 周洪涛, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅷ)——含氟织物整理剂的发展及建议. 日用化学工业 2016, 46(8), 433-440

(40)窦增培, 白富栋, 邢航, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅸ)——全氟磺酸树脂和全氟磺酸离子交换膜，日用化学工业，2016，46(9): 494-501

(41)窦增培, 何学昌, 邢航, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(X)——氟涂料，日用化学工业, 2016，46(10): 555-560+595.

(42)窦增培, 张甜甜, 邢航, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅺ)——全氟碳流体，日用化学工业, 2016，46(11): 615-621+633.

(43)窦增培, 葛峰, 何学昌, 姜红红, 邢航, 肖进新*, 氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(Ⅻ)——含氟灭火剂，日用化学工业, 2016，46(12): 677-683+717.

(44)陈现涛, 邢航, 伍毅, 肖进新*. 双尾及多尾氟表面活性剂在有机溶剂中的表面活性研究. 日用化学工业，2016，46(8): 441-446.

(45)Hong-Tao Zhou, Hang Xing, Bo-Wan Wu, An-Qing Cao, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Hydrotrope-Induced Enhancement of Room Temperature Surface Activity for High Krafft Point Fluorinated Surfactants, Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2016, 19(6): 1199-1207.

(46)Zi-Bing Xiao, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Properties of disodium salt of 1-sulfo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as a novel hydrotropic agent and its effects on room-temperature surface activity of perfluorooctanesulfonates with high Krafft points, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2017, 532: 144-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.072

(47)Tiantian Zhang, Hang Xing, Hongyu Zhou, Bowan Wu, Jin-Xin Xiao*. Effects of Hydroxyl Groups in Organic Ammonium Counterions on the Properties of Fluorinated Surfactants. China Detergent & Cosmetics, 2017, 2(4): 57-65.

(48)Yuan-Hua He, Qiang Sun, Hang Xing, Yi Wu, Jin-Xin Xiao*, Cationic-anionic fluorinated surfactant mixtures based on short fluorocarbon chains as potential aqueous film-forming foam, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2019, 40(3): 319-331.

(49)肖子冰，窦增培，何挺，邢航，肖进新*，全氟羧酸二价盐及全氟羧酸/三价金属盐混合体系表面活性研究，日用化学工业，2018, 48(7): 363-370.

(50)Jin-xin Xiao*, Hang Xing, Zeng-pei Dou, Zi-bing Xiao. Fluorinated surfactants and fluorinated polymer materials (I): General review. China Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 4(1): 52-62.

(51)Hang Xing, Zeng-pei Dou, Zi-bing Xiao, Jin-xin Xiao*. Fluorinated surfactants and fluorinated polymer materials (II): Environmental and safety issues. China Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 4(2): 66-79.

(52)Hang Xing, Zeng-pei Dou, Zi-bing Xiao, Jin-xin Xiao*. Fluorinated Surfactants and Fluorinated Polymer Materials (III): Personal Opinion on the Problems of PFOS. China Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 4(3): 54-62.

(53)Hang Xing, Zeng-pei Dou, Zi-bing Xiao, Jin-xin Xiao*. Fluorinated Surfactants and Fluorinated Polymer Materials (IV): Strategy for Solving PFOS Problems. China Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 4(4): 69-76.

(54)邢航, 窦增培, 肖子冰, 肖进新*. 我们该如何看待全氟或多氟烷基物质（PFAS）？. 日用化学工业, 2020, 50 (1): 49-53.

(55)肖子冰, 邢航, 窦增培, 肖进新. 自然环境中能否出现可有效降解碳氟链的微生物. 日用化学工业, 2021,51(12): 1242-1249.
　

学术会议论文

国际学术会议

1． An-Tao Gao, Bo-Wan Wu, An-Qing Cao, Hong-Tao Zhou, Hai-Qian Yu, Zhi-Ming Gou, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “Influence of additives on the surface activities of potassium perfluorooctane sulfonate and sodium perfluorooctane sulfonate”, 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
       高岸涛，仵博万，曹安庆，周洪涛，余海谦，勾志明，邢航，肖进新*，“对甲苯磺酸钠和尿素对全氟辛烷磺酸钾和全氟辛烷磺酸钠表面活性的影响”，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国
2． Zeng-Pei Dou, Li-Jie Hou，Dong-Ping Chen，Hong-Tao Zhou, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “The mutual-phobicity of fluorocarbon chains and hydrocarbon chains by simulative computation based on quantum chemical methods” , 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
       窦增培，侯丽杰，陈东平，周洪涛，邢航，肖进新*，“碳氟链和碳氢链互疏性的量子化学计算” ，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国
3． An-Tao Gao, An-Qing Cao，Bo-Wan Wu，Hong-Tao Zhou, Zhi-Ming Gou, Hai-Qian Yu, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao, “Influence of organic counterions on the surface activities of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctylsulfonate”, 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
       高岸涛，曹安庆，仵博万，周洪涛，勾志明，余海谦，邢航，肖进新*, “有机反离子对全氟辛酸盐/全氟辛基磺酸盐的表面活性的影响” ，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国
   （获会议“最具创新奖”）
4． Ting Lan, Dong-Ping Chen, Li-Jie Hou, Han Xiao, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao, “Air-water and oil-water interface activities of petroleum sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate mixed with cationic surfactants” , 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
      蓝亭，陈东平，侯丽杰，肖寒，邢航，肖进新*，“石油磺酸盐-甲醛缩合物与阳离子表面活性剂混合体系的气水及油水界面活性”，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国
5． Hang Xing, Yong-Chun Liu, Yu-Quan Zhang, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “Hyperpolarity Phenomena in Surfactant Solutions”, 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
       邢航，刘永春，张玉全，肖进新*，“表面活性剂溶液中的超极性现象” ，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国
6． Guo-Xi Zhao, Bu-Yao Zhu, Li Shi, Yu-Quan Zhang, Yong-Chun Liu, Hang Xing, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “Interaction of Polymer with Hydrogenated and Fluorinated Surfactants, and Their Mixtures”, 2014 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent, 2014, Shanghai, China
      赵国玺，朱步瑶，史力，张玉全，刘永春，邢航，肖进新*，“高聚物与碳氢表面活性剂/碳氟表面活性剂以及碳氢-碳氟混合表面活性剂的相互作用” ，2014（第十三届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议，2014，上海，中国

7. ZHANG Tian-tian, XING Hang, HU Beng-bin, WU Bo-wan, XIAO Jin-xin*, "Effects of hydroxyl groups in organic ammonium counterions on the properties of fluorinated surfactants”, 2016 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent (ICSD 2016), April, 2016, Shanghai, China
张甜甜，邢航，胡鹏斌，仵博万，肖进新*，“有机铵反离子中羟基对氟表面活性剂性能的影响”，2016（第十四届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议(ICSD 2016)，2016年4月，上海，中国

8. WU Yi, XING Hang, HE Yuan-hua, XIAO Jin-xin*, "Studies on the instability of equimolar cationic-anionic hydrogenated-fluorinated surfactant mixtures”, 2016 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent (ICSD 2016), April, 2016, Shanghai, China
伍毅, 邢航, 贺元骅, 肖进新*, "正负离子碳氢-碳氟表面活性剂等摩尔混合体系的不稳定性研究"，2016（第十四届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议 (ICSD 2016)，2016年4月，上海，中国

9. CHEN Xian-tao, XING Hang, HE Yuan-hua, XIAO Jin-xin*, “Surface activities of perfluorooctanesulfonamines and perfluorooctanoate esters in organic solvents” 2016 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent (ICSD 2016), April, 2016, Shanghai, China

陈现涛, 邢航, 贺元骅, 肖进新*，“全氟辛基磺酰胺和全氟辛酸酯在有机溶剂中的表面活性”，2016（第十四届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议 (ICSD 2016)，2016年4月，上海，中国

10．HE Yuan-hua, SUN Qiang, XING Hang, XIAO Jin-xin*,“Cationic-anionic fluorinated surfactant mixtures for replacement of PFOS products”,China POPs Forum 2016-- 11th POPs international academci conference. May 17-19, 2016, Xi'an, China

贺元骅，孙强，邢航，肖进新，“PFOS替代品研究——碳氟-碳氟正负离子表面活性剂混合体系”，2016持久性有机污染物论坛暨第十一届持久性有机污染物国际学术研讨会（简称“POPs论坛2016”），2016年5月17日-19日，中国，西安

11．Zi-bing Xiao, Hang Xing, Jin-xin Xiao*, “Solubilization effects of a novel hydrotropic agent on perfluorooctane sulfonate salts with high Krafft points”, ECIS 2016-30th Conference of The European Colloid and Interface Society, 4-9, September, 2016, Rome, Italy

12．Zi-Bing XIAO, Hang XING, Zeng-Pei Dou, Jin-Xin XIAO*, “Surface activities of bivalent and trivalent salts of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorobutanoic acid in water and in organic liquids”. 23rd winter fluorine conference (p25) Jan 15-20, 2017 Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA.

13．Zi-Han XIAO, Hang XING, Zeng-Pei Dou, Jin-Xin XIAO*, “Surface activity and interfacial activity of amine oxide type fluorinated surfactant and its mixture with anionic hydrocarbon surfactant in strong acidic solution”.23rd winter fluorine conference(p26) Jan 15-20, 2017 Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA.

14．ZHANG Tian-tian, XING Hang, ZHOU Hong-yu, WU Bo-wan, Zheng Xu-dong, XIAO Jin-xin*, "Effects of polyoxyethylene ricinoleic acid methyl ester on the performance of liquid detergents", 2018 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent (ICSD 2018), April, 2018, Shanghai, China

张甜甜，邢航，周鸿宇，仵博万，郑旭东，肖进新*，“聚氧乙烯蓖麻油酸甲酯对液体洗涤剂的性能影响研究”，2018（第十五届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议(ICSD 2018)，2018年4月，上海，中国

15．XIAO Zi-bing, DOU Zeng-pei, HE Ting, XING Hang, XIAO Jin-xin*, "The surface activity study of divalent salts of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFA) and the mixtures of PFA/trivalent metal salts", 2018 International Conference on Surfactant & Detergent (ICSD 2018), April, 2018, Shanghai, China

肖子冰，窦增培，何挺，邢航，肖进新*，"全氟羧酸二价盐及全氟羧酸/三价金属盐混合体系表面活性研究"，2018（第十五届）国际表面活性剂和洗涤剂会议 (ICSD 2018)，2018年4月，上海，中国

（评为会议“优秀论文”）

16. Hang Xing, Zi-Yi Wang, Jin-Xin Xiao*, “The information told by a host molecule: Another proof for the selectivity of β-cyclodextrin in the mixtures of fluorinated and hydrogenated surfactants”, ECIS 2019-33rd Conference of The European Colloid and Interface Society, Sep 8-13, 2019, Leuven, Belgium

　

国内学术会议

17. 陈蔚勤，邢航，肖进新*，“用于水成膜泡沫灭火剂的PFOS替代品的研究”，持久性有机污染物论坛2011暨持久性有机污染物全国学术研讨会，2011年5月17日-19日，哈尔滨

18. 邢航，仵博万，周洪涛，余海谦，肖进新*，“石油磺酸盐-高级石蜡油联合成产技术”，2015（第十届）中国日用化学工业论坛，中国，广州，2015年7月14日-16日
　

科研能力概况：
攻读学位期间的研究方向是胶体与界面化学，课题是《环糊精和表面活性剂的相互作用》，包括对单一表面活性剂、表面活性剂混合体系特别是含有氟表面活性剂的混合体系、正负离子表面活性剂混合体系进行了系统的研究。掌握的主要实验手段是核磁共振方法、表面张力测定、电导、荧光、XRD等。